Anything visually related can be changed with CSS (the custom.css file and not in the config file).
You can either change font sizes or you could try scaling the entire page :
in your custom.css file add :
body {
transform: scale(0.4);
transform-origin: 0 0;
}
this will scale down the entire page to 40%
But with your low resolution screen I would suggest to minimize the data displayed (maybe use a page/profile module to switch between displayed information). Smaller font size will do much, maybe even change the font to a more pixelated font for clearer display.